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"Green Chemstry" in the Laboratory
Using mills as efficient and ecologically friendly synthesis reactors
The term "green chemistry" is commonly used to describe chemical procedures which meet specific requirements with regards to the conservation of resources and protection of the environment. The objective is to avoid undesired by-products by selecting adequate reaction procedures and media. A typical example is the production of bio fuel which has become an ecologically friendly alternative for many drivers....
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Particle Analysis: Quality Control of Catalysts with Digital Image Processing
Catalysts are widely used as an important auxiliary material in the chemical and petrochemical industry. They are able to accelerate chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy, i.e. they change reaction kinetics. Thus, using catalysts in industrial processes has the advantage of higher productivity combined with less energy consumption....
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Polyolefins: Determination of Molecular Weight and Branching Structure by GPC/SEC
Polyethylene and Polypropylene are so-called Polyolefins. They are produced in large amounts every year. Depending on the process and catalyst used linear or branched polymers can be produced. In case of e. g. Polyethylene there are at least three polymer types: HDPE (High Density Polytheylene), LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) and LLDPE (Linear Low Density Polytehylene). HDPE and LLDPE are made of linear or only slightly branched macromolecules with a high level of crystallinity. They form a dense structure in the final product. LDPE is made of highly branched molecules that form a final structure with low density due to a low degree of crystallinity....
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High sensitive detection of follistatin by Imperacer®: an initial study on the way to analytical gene-doping tests
For the understanding of interactions in the muscle-growth directing myostatin-pathway and therefore also for the establishment of high sensitive detection strategies for gene-doping, detailed studies of protein concentration levels in biological matrices and appropriate highly sensitive analytic techniques for quantitative monitoring of these biomarkers are required. In this work, the development of a high sensitive assay for follistatin based on the Imperacer® technology is described. The quantification limit in human serum was found at 60 pg/ml in only 6 µl sample volume. With this initial assay we demonstrate the first application in a set of analytical tests for a high sensitive myostatin pathway related profiling....
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Molecular Probes® NanoOrange® Assay Performed on BMG LABTECH FLUOstar OPTIMA Microplate Reader
The field of proteomics has expanded dramatically in recent years with research on a whole host of organisms. Techniques such as two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) require the accurate quantitation of protein, as up to three labelled samples can be loaded on a single gel for comparison. Assay methods for determining protein quantitation include absorbance at 280 nm(1), the Bradford assay(2), Lowry assay(3), BCA method(4) and more sensitive assays such as Fluoroprofile® (Sigma-Aldrich) and NanoOrange® (Molecular Probes®)5()....
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